Lateral Hip Pain: Is It Bursitis or Gluteal Tendinopathy? Why the Tendon Is Usually the Real Story

Pain on the outer point of the hip gets a familiar label: bursitis. People are told a small fluid-filled sac is inflamed, and the advice that follows is usually rest, ice, and maybe an injection. The trouble is that the sac is often not the problem. In most cases the real driver is the tendon next to it, and that changes what actually helps.

The same painful spot, two different labels

The pain lives over the greater trochanter, the bony bump you can feel on the outer hip. Right at that point, the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendons attach to the bone. These are the muscles that hold your pelvis level when you stand on one leg or take a step. Sitting just over those tendons is the trochanteric bursa, a small fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction as tissues glide.

Because the tendon and the bursa are packed together at the same spot, pain there gets blamed on whichever structure the label picks. For decades the default label was bursitis. The location was right. The named culprit was usually wrong.

Why "bursitis" is often the wrong name

When researchers looked closely at the outer hip in people with this pain, the bursa was frequently not the problem. Ultrasound and MRI studies found that most people had changes in the gluteus medius or minimus tendons, and true bursa inflammation was uncommon and, when present, tended to be a secondary finding rather than the main event. That is why current clinical writing describes trochanteric bursitis as a misnomer for most lateral hip pain and groups the whole picture under greater trochanteric pain syndrome.

The label is more than a naming argument. The word you use points the treatment somewhere. Call it bursitis, an inflamed sac, and the logical response is rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory injections. Call it tendinopathy, an irritated and under-conditioned tendon, and the logical response is the opposite: graded loading to rebuild the tendon's capacity. Getting the driver right is what puts you on the treatment that works.

The same pattern shows up elsewhere in the body

This is not unique to the hip. The shoulder has the exact same bursitis-versus-tendinopathy confusion, where subacromial "bursitis" and rotator cuff tendinopathy sit in the same small space and get treated as one problem under the heading of subacromial pain. In both the hip and the shoulder, the lesson is similar. The bursa gets named because it is easy to picture an inflamed cushion, but the tendon under load is usually doing the real work of causing pain.

If you want the deeper walk-through of the outer-hip condition itself, we cover it in more detail in our post on gluteal tendinopathy and hip bursitis. This article is about the decision the label pushes you toward, and why the tendon story should win.

What makes the tendon flare: compression

Here is the piece most people miss. Gluteal tendinopathy is about more than too much load. Compression matters too. When the tendon gets squeezed against the bone, it gets irritated, and several everyday positions do exactly that.

Standing with your weight dropped onto one hip squeezes the tendon. Sitting with your legs crossed does it. Sleeping on the painful side compresses it against the mattress, which is why night pain and pain lying on that side are such common complaints. Stretching the hip across the body, a stretch many people are told to do for "tight hips", also compresses the tendon and can make things worse.

Early in treatment, a large part of the plan is spotting these compression positions and reducing them. Standing evenly on both feet, avoiding crossing the legs, putting a pillow between the knees when side-lying, and dropping the across-the-body stretches often calms the hip enough that the loading program can do its job.

What the evidence says about treatment

The strongest evidence here comes from the LEAP trial, which compared three approaches in people with gluteal tendinopathy: education plus exercise, a single corticosteroid injection, and a wait-and-see approach. At eight weeks, 77 percent of the education-plus-exercise group were at least moderately better, compared with 58 percent for the injection group and 29 percent for wait and see. The exercise group stayed ahead at one year, and a later economic analysis found education plus exercise improved quality of life and was cost-effective compared with injection or waiting.

Read that carefully. The injection was not useless in the short term, but it lost to exercise even early on, and the gap held at a year. Rest and waiting did the worst. This is the clearest reason to treat the outer hip as a tendon problem and not a bursa problem: the tendon-focused plan is the one with the best results.

What a loading plan actually looks like

The exercise side is not a random sheet of hip stretches. It builds the capacity of the gluteus medius and minimus in a graded way, starting at a level the irritable tendon can tolerate and progressing as it settles.

Start with the tendon calm. Early on, isometric work, meaning holding a muscle contraction without much movement, can load the tendon while keeping compression low. This gives the tendon a stimulus without flaring it.

Reduce compression at the same time. The load-management side, cutting the standing-on-one-hip, crossing-the-legs, and side-lying positions, runs alongside the exercise. Loading without reducing compression tends to stall.

Build toward what you need. Over weeks, the program adds progressive strengthening for the hip muscles and rebuilds tolerance for walking, hills, and stairs, which are the single-leg loads that most often provoke this hip.

Expect a slow, bumpy climb. Tendon recovery takes time, and some soreness during and after the exercises is normal as long as it settles. A flare after a busy week is a dose problem, not a failure.

When to get it assessed

If you have pain over the outer point of your hip that is worse when you lie on that side at night, when you stand on one leg, or after walking and stairs, an assessment can sort out whether the tendon is the driver and how irritable it is. It is worth being seen sooner if the pain came on after a fall, if there is marked weakness lifting the leg out to the side, or if it is not settling with the usual load management. Some outer-hip pain can also be referred from the low back, so part of the assessment is checking that the hip really is the source, which we touch on in our post on sciatica and referred pain.

Book a 30-minute appointment and we will assess your hip, work out whether the tendon or something else is driving the pain, map the compression positions that are keeping it going, and build a loading plan matched to how irritable the hip is right now.

This article is general information about lateral hip pain. It is not personal medical advice. A regulated practitioner can confirm whether the patterns described apply to you.

Sources

• Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome - StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf
• Gluteal Tendinopathy: Integrating Pathomechanics and Clinical Features in Its Management - JOSPT (2015)
• Mellor et al. LEAP trial - Education plus exercise versus corticosteroid injection versus wait and see, BMJ (2018), summary via RunningPhysio
• Economic evaluation of the LEAP trial - PubMed (2022)
• College of Physical Therapists of BC (CPTBC)

This article is for general information only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual presentations vary, and assessment findings and treatment plans differ from person to person. If you are experiencing severe symptoms, neurological changes (numbness, weakness, bowel or bladder changes), or a significant trauma, contact your physician or emergency services. Care at Medstar Sport Physio & Health is provided by practitioners registered with their respective British Columbia regulatory colleges.